In big projects, heavy construction equipment are employed for a variety of tasks. The choice of various heavy equipment types are generally based on the scope and cost of the project. These facilitate and speed up the construction process.

The following are some examples of heavy machinery used in the civil engineering construction field:
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Excavators

Backhoe

Dragline Excavator

Bulldozers

Graders

Wheel Tractor Scraper

Trenchers

Loaders

Tower Cranes

Pavers

Telehandlers

Excavators

In the civil engineering field, during construction, excavators are used extensively and on a significant scale. Although excavation is their primary application, they are also employed for a variety of other tasks, including heavy lifting, demolition, river dredging, and tree cutting. Long arms and cabinets are features of excavators. In addition to a cabinet with space for the machine operator, a bucket is offered at the end of the long-arm digging. It is easier to use because the entire cabin arrangement is rotatable 360 degrees. Excavators are available in the market in both wheeled and tracked forms of vehicles.

Backhoe

Another often used equipment in the civil engineering field that serves a variety of functions is the backhoe. The name itself indicates that a loading bucket lies at the front of the vehicle, and a hoe arrangement is located on the back. This is quite helpful for digging trenches below the level of the machine. Materials can be loaded, unloaded, and lifted using the front bucket.

Dragline Excavator

Another heavy equipment used in the civil engineering construction field is a dragline excavator, which is typically employed for deeper excavations. It comprises of a long boom, and a digging bucket is suspended by cable from the top of the boom. Dragline excavators are useful for port building, underwater excavations, clearing debris from waterways, and other tasks.

Bulldozers

Another sort of soil-excavating machinery is the bulldozer, which is employed to remove the topsoil layer up to a specific depth. The large, pointed metal plate that is attached to its front is used to remove soil. Using hydraulic pistons, this plate may be raised and lowered. These are frequently employed for lifting the soil, removing weak or hard strata, and other similar tasks.

Graders

An equipment called a grader is used in the civil engineering field during construction, particularly for the building of roads which is also known as a motor grader. The surface of the soil is primarily leveled with it. It has a blade that is horizontal and lowers into the ground while it works, located between the front and back wheels. On top of the rear axle configuration, an operating cabin is provided. In addition to clearing snow and debris from roads, motor graders can also be used to remove extra soil from the ground, level the soil surface prior to laying asphalt, and more.

Wheel Tractor Scrapers

An earth-moving machinery called a wheel tractor scraper is used to scrape the soil's surface flat. In this wheeled tractor, the vehicle is provided in the front, while scraping equipment like a conveyor belt, a hopper for collecting soil, and a horizontal front blade are provided at the back. When the front blade is lowered to the ground and the vehicle is pushed, the blade begins to dig the soil above the blade level, and the dug-up soil is collected in a hopper by a conveyor belt. When the hopper is full, the back portion is hoisted off the ground, and it is then discharged at the dumping yard.

Trenchers

To excavate trenches in the soil, trenchers or trenching equipment are used on site. These trenches are typically used for drainage work, cable installation, pipeline installation, etc. Chain trenchers and wheeled trenchers are the two types of trenching equipments. Chain trenchers have a fixed long arm that has a digging chain attached to it. Wheeled trenchers have a metal wheel that is surrounded by digging teeth. Among both wheeled trenchers work better for digging through layers of hard soil. Generally, both types of trenchers are available in tracked and wheeled vehicles.

Loaders

On the civil engineering site, loaders are used to load the material onto dumpers, trucks, etc. The components could be soil from excavations, demolition debris, raw materials, etc. The front of a loader has a huge bucket and a short moving arm. A loader can be wheeled or tracked. While tracked or crawling loaders are utilized in locations where wheeled vehicles cannot access, wheeled loaders are frequently used on civil engineering construction projects.

Tower Cranes

Tower cranes are stationary cranes used to lift materials during the construction of high-rise buildings. Using this kind of equipment, heavy items such as pre-stressed concrete blocks, steel trusses, frames, etc., may be conveniently raised to the desired height. They include the mast, which is the crane's vertical support tower, the jib, which is the arm used to operate the crane; the counter jib, which is the opposing arm used to carry the crane's counterweight; and the operator cabin, from which the crane is controlled.

Paver

Equipment used in civil engineering road construction to lay pavement is called a paver, sometimes known as an asphalt paver. Asphalt is continually loaded into the feeding bucket of the paver by the dump truck, which then spreads the asphalt uniformly and lightly compacts it onto the road surface. To achieve optimum compaction, a roller is needed after the asphalt layer is laid.

Telehandlers

Telehandlers are lifting devices that are used in construction to carry heavy objects to the needed height or to provide a work platform for workers at higher altitudes. It has a lengthy telescopic boom that is adjustable in height and can be moved forward or backwards. Depending on the needs of the operation, several types of arrangements, such as forklifts, buckets, cabins, lifting jibs, etc., can be attached to the end of a telescopic boom.

Automatic Threading Machine

Pipe threaders, which can create threads on the ends of pipes for both female and male attachments, are essential instruments. It can be used for plumbing, mining, and a variety of other things. When using automatic threading machines, procedures like welding and cutting can be completed with perfect precision. Thus, the greatest option for a sure thing is to use steel pipe threading machines. The same threading can be used on both ends of piping systems when using automatic threading machines.

Conclusion

Utilizing construction equipment can be difficult, just like using any other product. Market competitiveness is one of several variables to take into account. If you are aware of the products and services required for any structure construction, your search will be more successful. In keeping with this, while purchasing construction equipment for any civil engineering construction project, you should also take into account other aspects such as the equipment's intended usage, its reliability, safety, the vendor, and the person in charge of making the purchase.
Besides this, in the construction of any structure, where technical equipment failure can cost a lot of finance, productivity and uptime are crucial. Therefore, incorporating more sophisticated and intelligent elements will improve the outcome of the construction process.
One of the best engineering colleges in Vadodara, Gujarat, is ITM Vocational University. They provide a B. Tech. Education in engineering with civil engineering as one of the specializations. By enrolling here in this course, more project-based study is provided to make the student capable of being implementing their knowledge in their real-life civil engineering projects to succeed in the career.

By: Ms. Komal Waldiya, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department